Ruskin Bond as a short story writer : A critical study

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ALOE VERA ATTENUATES GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES

Objectives: To evaluate the nephroprotective properties of ethanol extract of leaves of Aloe vera against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods: Nephrotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of gentamicin 40 mg/kg/days for 5 days. Effect of concurrentadministration of ethanol extract of leaves of A. vera at a dose of 20 ml/kg/day given by oral route was determined using serum creatinine and bloodurea nitrogen as biochemical indicators of renal damage; after 10, 20, and 30 days. The study included a control group which received oral saline only,gentamicin treated group, received gentamicin and oral saline and A. vera group, received oral A. vera prior to gentamicin administration. Each grouphad six rats.Results: It was observed that in A. vera treated rats, prevented elevation of the biochemical indicators of nephrotoxicity and significantly reducedhistopathological scores.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of A. vera contains constituents with nephroprotective activities.Keywords: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, Aloe vera, Wister rats, Histopathological change

Preparation and ultrasonic study of sodium potassium tantalate (Na1-xKxTaO3) mixed system

Ultrasonic velocity of the piezoelectric ceramic pellets of ferroelectric material Na1-xKxTaO3 (X=0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 1.0) have been investigated at temperature 32 ºC and frequency 5 MHz with the help of ultrasonic c-scan system developed at NPL, New Delhi. The samples have been prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method and sintering process

Colorimetric Determination of Pyraclostrobin Fungicide Using P-amino-sulphonic Acid Coupling Reagent in Agricultural Soil/Environmental Samples by Spectrophotometric Analysis

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of pyraclostrobin, a widely used fungicide, is described here which is based on diazotization and coupling with 4- aminosulphonic acid in alkaline medium. The reaction mechanism is based on the pre-equilibrium formation of amine and diazonium salt followed by a rate-limiting attack of the diazonium ion at an N-atom (N-coupling) to appear the corresponding red colored azo complex. The λmax, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity related to the UV-Visible absorption spectrometry were found λmax = 600 nm, 2.7 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 1.01 × 10−5 μg cm−2, respectively. Some of the important parameters like linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), correlation coefficient (R2) and recovery% were calculated 3 to 12 μgmL−1, 1.01 μgmL−1, 3.08 μgmL−1, 0.984 and 93.5–99.3%, respectively for the determination of organochlorine like pyraclostrobin using coupling reagent. The advantages of the present method are its simplicity, high selectivity and cost effective. In this article, the method has been validated by applying it to samples from different environmental conditions

Evaluation of nephroprotective and nephrocurative activity of Aegle marmelos on albino rats using experimental model

Background: Renal diseases are common now days because of multiple nephrotoxic drugs use like aminoglycosides, analgesic etc. Many diseases like Diabetes and Hypertension also contributing to renal diseases. One of the mechanisms for nephrotoxicity is production of free radicals. The phytochemicals obtained from some plants are claimed to be useful in prevention of nephrotoxicity. One of the good sources of these phytochemicals is leaves of Aegle marmelos (Bael) which has antioxidant property that can be useful in nephroprotection. Hence this study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective as well as nephrocurative potential of Aegle marmelos.Methods: Study was done on albino rats at LLRM Medical College as per CPCSEA guidelines after obtaining permission from IAEC. Nephrotoxicity was induced using injection gentamicin(40mg/kg). The nephroprotective and nephrocurative effect was quantified using serum markers (BUN, Serum creatinine) and histopathological changes. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc dunnet’s test.Results: When compared with gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, rats those who received aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves showed significant (p<.001) reduction in nephrotoxicity.Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that leaves of Aegle marmelos possess siginificant nephroprotective activity.

Evaluation of nephroprotective and nephrocurative activity of Solanum nigrum on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats

Background: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are most commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of gram negative infections. Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect that restricts its long duration use. Modern medicines to treat nephrotoxicity are costly and also not vary effective. Solanum nigrum fruits, having potent antioxidant property can be used for nephroprotection as well as nephrocure.Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. Nephroprotective phase, 54 rats were randomized in 3 groups named G10, G20 & G30 according to 10, 20 & 30 days of treatment. Each group was randomized in three subgroups i.e. control C group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) daily for test duration], GT group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) daily for test duration & intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40mg/kg) for last five days] & SNT group [received orally S.nigrum (200 mg/kg/day) daily for the test duration and intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) for last five days]. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of gentamicin (on 11th, 21st and 31st day). In nephrocurative phase, 72 rats were randomised in two groups of 36 rats each. Group-1 received intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/dl) for five days. Group-2 received intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/dl) for five days and then S.nigrum (200 mg/kg/day) orally till the rats are sacrificed. Six rats from each group were sacrificed on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 12th and 14th day after administration of last dose of gentamicin. Blood sample were taken for evaluation of BUN and serum creatinine.Results: There was significant decrease in BUN and serum creatinine values as compared to GT group in all test duration in phase-1. In phase two there was no significant difference of these markers in two groups.Conclusions: S.nigrum fruits extract provide nephroprotection against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity

Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment Mechanical Properties on Welded Joints of SA516 GR70 Material

Heat treatment is an important operation in the final fabrication process of many engineering machinery. Only by heat treatment it is potential to impart high mechanical properties to steel parts & tools for sophisticated purpose. Heat treatment is considered to be very important tool of the metallurgist by which it can alter the properties of steel easily. Post weld heat treatment temperature influences the properties of weldment which directly affect the weld joints strength. Improve weld joint strength increase the structure integrity of weldment so it�s important to understand the effect of different post weld heat treatment temperature on weldment. This study aimed at the investigation of the effect of pre-heating on the mechanical & microstructure properties of weldment

Cardioprotective effect of Solanum nigrum against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity-an experimental study

Background: Solanum nigrum (S.nigrum) a medicinal herb is widely used in the Indian system of medicine for treatment of various ailments. The methanolic extract of S.nigrum berries had shown cardio protective and antioxidant effect. However, so far aqueous extract of S.nigrum is not scientifically evaluated for its cardio protective potential. Hence the present study was designed to find out cardio protective role of S.nigrum against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity.Methods: Seventy two rats were randomized into four major groups (n=6). group I received 2 ml/100 g/day normal saline p.o daily, group II received 2 ml/100 g/day of normal saline p.o daily, group III received carvedilol 30 mg/kg/day p.o daily and group IV received S.nigrum 1 g/kg/day p.o daily for test durations of 20, 30 and 40 days respectively. Doxorubicin 20 mg/kg i.p single dose was given to induce cardiotoxicity in rats of group II, III and IV respectively on last day of each experiment. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours after doxorubicin administration. Cardiac serum markers creatinine phosphokinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase were analysed biochemically. Histopathological changes were studied under light microscope.Results: All cardiac serum marker levels were found significantly (p<0.001) increased in doxorubicin group while S.nigrum pretreated group displayed significant (p<0.001) reduction in rise of these parameters in a time dependent manner indicating cardio protection. Histological observations further correlated the cardio protective effect of S.nigrum.Conclusions: The present study concluded that aqueous extract of S.nigrum possess cardio protective potential against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity